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Anton Julius Carlson
Anton Julius Carlson (January 29, 1875 – September 2, 1956) was a Swedish American physiologist. Carlson was Chairman of the Physiology Department at the University of Chicago from 1916 until 1940.
==Biography==
Carlson was born the son of Carl Jacobson and Hedvig Andersdotter in Svarteborg, in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. He came to the USA in 1891. He graduated from Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois (BA,1898)(MS, 1899). He received a doctorate in physiology at Stanford in 1902〔Dissertation: (''Contributions to the physiology of the nervous system of the snake and the California hagfish'' )〕 and began working at the University of Chicago in 1904. While Carlson was at Chicago, he conducted experiments on Fred Vlcek,〔Contributions to the physiology of the stomach.—I. The character of the movements of the empty stomach in man, A. J. Carlson, ''American Journal of Physiology'' 31, #3 (December 2, 1912), pp. 151–168.〕 similar to those conducted on Alexis St. Martin by William Beaumont, regarding his gastric fistula. These included illuminating his stomach with electric lights in order to observe digestion. Carlson became chairman of the physiology department at the University of Chicago in 1916 and remained chairman until 1940.
Carlson was president of the American Physiological Society from 1923 to 1925, and president of the AAAS in 1944. Carlson was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1929.
The cover story of the February 10, 1941 issue of ''Time'' Magazine was devoted to Carlson's success as a teacher and his comparative studies of the muscular action of the heart in humans and the horseshoe crab. Carlson was one of 34 original signers of the Humanist Manifesto〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Humanist Manifesto I )〕 and in 1953 he was the first person to receive the American Humanist Association's Humanist of the Year award.〔(''Humanists of the Year'' ), web page at the American Humanist Association, accessed January 11, 2007.〕
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